A Level Chemistry 9701 Paper 12, Oct/Nov 2024

Which species contains a different number of electrons from the other three? A ${\mathrm{C}\mathrm{l}\mathrm{O}}_4^{-}$ B ${\mathrm{H}}_2{\mathrm{S}\mathrm{O}}_4$ C ${\mathrm{S}\mathrm{O}}_4^{2-}$ D ${\mathrm{T}\mathrm{e}}^{2-}$

Which factor causes helium to have a higher first ionisation energy than hydrogen? A In the 1s orbital in helium, electrons are paired. B The lowest energy level in helium is filled. C The nuclear charge in helium is higher than in hydrogen. D There is less shielding of the outer shell in helium.

A $0.216\text{ g}$ sample of aluminium carbide reacts with an excess of water to produce methane gas. This is the only carbon-containing product formed in the reaction. This methane gas burns completely in ${\mathrm{O}}_2$ to form ${\mathrm{H}}_2\mathrm{O}$ and ${\mathrm{C}\mathrm{O}}_2$ only. The volume of ${\mathrm{C}\mathrm{O}}_2$ produced at room temperature and pressure is $108{\text{ cm}}^3$. What is the formula of aluminium carbide? A ${\mathrm{A}\mathrm{l}}_2{\mathrm{C}}_3$ B ${\mathrm{A}\mathrm{l}}_3{\mathrm{C}}_2$ C ${\mathrm{A}\mathrm{l}}_3{\mathrm{C}}_4$ D ${\mathrm{A}\mathrm{l}}_4{\mathrm{C}}_3$

A reaction between two gases takes place on the surface of the catalytic converter of a petrol-engined car. In this reaction, four reactant molecules produce three product molecules. What could be the two reactant gases in this reaction? A nitrogen and carbon dioxide B nitrogen monoxide and carbon dioxide C nitrogen monoxide and carbon monoxide D nitrogen dioxide and carbon monoxide

An ion contains 1 nitrogen atom and 2 hydrogen atoms. It has an $\mathrm{H}-\mathrm{N}-\mathrm{H}$ bond angle of approximately ${105}^{\circ }$. Which row is correct?

Why does $\mathrm{I}\mathrm{C}\mathrm{l}$ have a higher boiling point than ${\mathrm{B}\mathrm{r}}_2$? A because of the difference in the bond energies of the covalent bonds within $\mathrm{I}\mathrm{C}\mathrm{l}$ and ${\mathrm{B}\mathrm{r}}_2$ B because of the difference in the polar nature of $\mathrm{I}\mathrm{C}\mathrm{l}$ and ${\mathrm{B}\mathrm{r}}_2$ C because of the difference in the number of electrons contained within $\mathrm{I}\mathrm{C}\mathrm{l}$ and ${\mathrm{B}\mathrm{r}}_2$ D because of the difference in the relative molecular mass of $\mathrm{I}\mathrm{C}\mathrm{l}$ and ${\mathrm{B}\mathrm{r}}_2$

In this question you may assume that nitrogen behaves as an ideal gas. One atmosphere pressure $=101\text{ kPa}$. Which volume does $1.0\text{ g}$ of nitrogen occupy at ${50}^{\circ }\text{C}$ and a pressure of $2.0\text{ atmospheres}$? A $70{\text{ cm}}^3$ B $150{\text{ cm}}^3$ C $470{\text{ cm}}^3$ D $950{\text{ cm}}^3$

Which statement about the properties associated with the different types of bonding involved is correct? A Any covalent compound that contains both oxygen and hydrogen in its molecule forms hydrogen bonds. B Ionic bonds and covalent bonds cannot both occur in the same compound. C Ionic compounds differ from metals in that ionic compounds do not conduct electricity in the solid state. D The only covalent compounds with high melting points are those in which hydrogen bonds occur.

For which reaction is the enthalpy change an enthalpy change of formation? A $\mathrm{C}(\mathrm{g})+2{\mathrm{H}}_2(\mathrm{g})\to {\mathrm{C}\mathrm{H}}_4(\mathrm{g})$ B $\frac{1}{2}{\mathrm{N}}_2(\mathrm{g})+\frac{1}{2}{\mathrm{O}}_2(\mathrm{g})\to \mathrm{N}\mathrm{O}(\mathrm{g})$ C ${\mathrm{N}\mathrm{a}}_2\mathrm{O}(\mathrm{s})+{\mathrm{S}\mathrm{O}}_3(\mathrm{g})\to {\mathrm{N}\mathrm{a}}_2{\mathrm{S}\mathrm{O}}_4(\mathrm{s})$ D ${\mathrm{P}\mathrm{C}\mathrm{l}}_3(\mathrm{g})+{\mathrm{C}\mathrm{l}}_2(\mathrm{g})\to {\mathrm{P}\mathrm{C}\mathrm{l}}_5(\mathrm{g})$

Two standard enthalpy change of formation values are given. $$\mathrm{\Delta }{H}_{\text{f}}^{\ominus }[{\mathrm{V}\mathrm{C}\mathrm{l}}_2]=-452{\text{ kJ mol}}^{-1}$$ $$\mathrm{\Delta }{H}_{\text{f}}^{\ominus }[{\mathrm{V}\mathrm{C}\mathrm{l}}_3]=-573{\text{ kJ mol}}^{-1}$$ What is the enthalpy change for the reaction $3{\mathrm{V}\mathrm{C}\mathrm{l}}_2\to 2{\mathrm{V}\mathrm{C}\mathrm{l}}_3+\mathrm{V}$ ? A $-210{\text{ kJ mol}}^{-1}$ B $-121{\text{ kJ mol}}^{-1}$ C $+121{\text{ kJ mol}}^{-1}$ D $+210{\text{ kJ mol}}^{-1}$

Equations for some reactions of hydrogen peroxide are given. 1 $2{\mathrm{F}\mathrm{e}}^{2+}+{\mathrm{H}}_2{\mathrm{O}}_2+2{\mathrm{H}}^{+}\to 2{\mathrm{F}\mathrm{e}}^{3+}+2{\mathrm{H}}_2\mathrm{O}$ 2 $2{\mathrm{M}\mathrm{n}\mathrm{O}}_4^{-}+5{\mathrm{H}}_2{\mathrm{O}}_2+6{\mathrm{H}}^{+}\to 2{\mathrm{M}\mathrm{n}}^{2+}+8{\mathrm{H}}_2\mathrm{O}+5{\mathrm{O}}_2$ 3 $2{\mathrm{F}\mathrm{e}}^{3+}+{\mathrm{H}}_2{\mathrm{O}}_2+2{\mathrm{O}\mathrm{H}}^{-}\to 2{\mathrm{F}\mathrm{e}}^{2+}+{\mathrm{O}}_2+2{\mathrm{H}}_2\mathrm{O}$ In which reactions is hydrogen peroxide acting as a reducing agent? A 1 and 3 B 1 only C 2 and 3 D 2 only

The equation for the reaction of aqueous thiosulfate ions, ${\mathrm{S}}_2{\mathrm{O}}_3^{2-}$, and aqueous dioxo-vanadium ions, ${\mathrm{V}\mathrm{O}}_2^{+}$, is shown. $$2{\mathrm{S}}_2{\mathrm{O}}_3^{2-}+x{\mathrm{V}\mathrm{O}}_2^{+}+y{\mathrm{H}}^{+}\to {\mathrm{S}}_4{\mathrm{O}}_6^{2-}+z{\mathrm{V}\mathrm{O}}^{2+}+2{\mathrm{H}}_2\mathrm{O}$$ Which row shows two correct statements about the equation for this reaction?

When some solid ${\mathrm{C}\mathrm{a}}_5({\mathrm{P}\mathrm{O}}_4{)}_3\mathrm{O}\mathrm{H}$ is added to a beaker of water, an equilibrium is set up. $${\mathrm{C}\mathrm{a}}_5({\mathrm{P}\mathrm{O}}_4{)}_3\mathrm{O}\mathrm{H}(\mathrm{s})\rightleftharpoons 5{\mathrm{C}\mathrm{a}}^{2+}(\mathrm{a}\mathrm{q})+3{\mathrm{P}\mathrm{O}}_4^{3-}(\mathrm{a}\mathrm{q})+{\mathrm{O}\mathrm{H}}^{-}(\mathrm{a}\mathrm{q})$$ Which compound, when added to the equilibrium mixture, increases the amount of ${\mathrm{C}\mathrm{a}}_5({\mathrm{P}\mathrm{O}}_4{)}_3\mathrm{O}\mathrm{H}(\mathrm{s})$ present? A ${\mathrm{N}\mathrm{H}}_3$ B ${\mathrm{N}\mathrm{H}}_4\mathrm{C}\mathrm{l}$ C ${\mathrm{C}\mathrm{H}}_3{\mathrm{C}\mathrm{O}}_2\mathrm{H}$ D $\mathrm{N}\mathrm{a}\mathrm{C}\mathrm{l}$

Gaseous hydrogen and gaseous iodine react to form gaseous hydrogen iodide. $${\mathrm{H}}_2(\mathrm{g})+{\mathrm{I}}_2(\mathrm{g})\rightleftharpoons 2\mathrm{H}\mathrm{I}(\mathrm{g})$$ In an experiment, $2.0\text{ mol}$ of hydrogen and $2.0\text{ mol}$ of iodine are placed in a sealed container of volume $1.0{\text{ dm}}^3$. The $K_{\text{c}}$ value for this reaction under the conditions used is 9.0. How many moles of hydrogen iodide are present at equilibrium? A $0.57\text{ mol}$ B $1.2\text{ mol}$ C $1.5\text{ mol}$ D $2.4\text{ mol}$

Why does the rate of a gaseous reaction increase when the pressure is increased at a constant temperature? A More particles have energy that exceeds the activation energy. B The particles have more space in which to move. C The particles move faster. D There are more frequent collisions between particles.

The Boltzmann distribution for a mixture of gases capable of reaction is shown. The two curves represent the mixture of gases at ${25}^{\circ }\text{C}$ and at ${35}^{\circ }\text{C}$. The activation energies for the catalysed and uncatalysed reactions are shown. Which row is correct?

Which oxide is insoluble in aqueous sodium hydroxide? A $\mathrm{M}\mathrm{g}\mathrm{O}$ B ${\mathrm{A}\mathrm{l}}_2{\mathrm{O}}_3$ C ${\mathrm{P}}_4{\mathrm{O}}_{10}$ D ${\mathrm{S}\mathrm{O}}_2$

Sodium and sulfur are burned separately in oxygen. Each reaction has a distinctive coloured flame. Which row is correct?

X and Y are elements in Period 3 of the Periodic Table. Y has a greater atomic number than X. The stable ion formed by Y has a greater radius than the stable ion formed by X. The stable ion formed by Y has 18 electrons. Which row is correct?

X is a Group 2 element in either Period 3 or Period 5. ${\mathrm{X}(\mathrm{O}\mathrm{H})}_2$ is less soluble in water than ${\mathrm{C}\mathrm{a}(\mathrm{O}\mathrm{H})}_2$. When ${\mathrm{X}(\mathrm{N}\mathrm{O}}_3{)}_2$ is heated, it decomposes. Which row is correct?

Which statement comparing magnesium and barium, or their compounds, is correct? A Magnesium reacts with dilute hydrochloric acid more rapidly than barium does. B One mole of magnesium carbonate gives off a greater amount of gas when it reacts with an excess of dilute hydrochloric acid than one mole of barium carbonate does. C The solubility of magnesium sulfate in water is greater than the solubility of barium sulfate in water. D Magnesium carbonate undergoes thermal decomposition less readily than barium carbonate does.

The colours of the silver halides $\mathrm{A}\mathrm{g}\mathrm{C}\mathrm{l}$, $\mathrm{A}\mathrm{g}\mathrm{B}\mathrm{r}$ and $\mathrm{A}\mathrm{g}\mathrm{I}$ differ. The solubilities of these halides in aqueous ammonia also differ. Which row is correct?

The name 'chlorate' is used for an anion consisting of chlorine and oxygen only. In a molecule of $\mathrm{I}\mathrm{C}\mathrm{l}$, the iodine atom has oxidation number $x$ and the chlorine atom has oxidation number $y$. When $\mathrm{I}\mathrm{C}\mathrm{l}$ is added to ${\mathrm{H}}_2\mathrm{O}$, iodine is reduced. $$4\mathrm{I}\mathrm{C}\mathrm{l}+2{\mathrm{H}}_2\mathrm{O}\to 4\mathrm{H}\mathrm{C}\mathrm{l}+{\mathrm{O}}_2+2{\mathrm{I}}_2$$ Which statement about the value of $x$ or $y$ is correct? A $x$ is the same as the oxidation number of $\mathrm{C}\mathrm{l}$ in the chlorate ion formed when ${\mathrm{C}\mathrm{l}}_2(\mathrm{a}\mathrm{q})$ is added to cold $\mathrm{N}\mathrm{a}\mathrm{O}\mathrm{H}(\mathrm{a}\mathrm{q})$. B $x$ is the same as the oxidation number of $\mathrm{C}\mathrm{l}$ in the chlorate ion formed when ${\mathrm{C}\mathrm{l}}_2(\mathrm{a}\mathrm{q})$ is added to hot $\mathrm{N}\mathrm{a}\mathrm{O}\mathrm{H}(\mathrm{a}\mathrm{q})$. C $y$ is the same as the oxidation number of $\mathrm{C}\mathrm{l}$ in the chlorate ion formed when ${\mathrm{C}\mathrm{l}}_2(\mathrm{a}\mathrm{q})$ is added to cold $\mathrm{N}\mathrm{a}\mathrm{O}\mathrm{H}(\mathrm{a}\mathrm{q})$. D $y$ is the same as the oxidation number of $\mathrm{C}\mathrm{l}$ in the chlorate ion formed when ${\mathrm{C}\mathrm{l}}_2(\mathrm{a}\mathrm{q})$ is added to hot $\mathrm{N}\mathrm{a}\mathrm{O}\mathrm{H}(\mathrm{a}\mathrm{q})$.

Which statement is correct? A An ammonium ion is basic due to a lone pair of electrons on the nitrogen atom. B Nitrogen monoxide, $\mathrm{N}\mathrm{O}$, reacts with peroxyacetyl nitrate to produce a component of photochemical smog. C Nitrogen dioxide catalyses the oxidation of atmospheric sulfur dioxide. D Nitrogen is very unreactive due to the very strong permanent dipole–permanent dipole attractions between the nitrogen atoms.

The diagram shows the structural formula of a hydrocarbon molecule Q. How many of the carbon atoms in molecule Q are ${\text{sp}}^2$ hybridised? A 3 B 4 C 7 D 10

Compound X is found in cell walls of some bacteria. Its structural formula is shown. $$\text{compound X}$$ $${\mathrm{C}\mathrm{H}}_3({\mathrm{C}\mathrm{H}}_2{)}_{17}\mathrm{C}\mathrm{H}=\mathrm{C}\mathrm{H}({\mathrm{C}\mathrm{H}}_2{)}_{17}{\mathrm{C}\mathrm{H}(\mathrm{O}\mathrm{H})\mathrm{C}\mathrm{H}(\mathrm{C}\mathrm{H}}_3){\mathrm{C}\mathrm{O}}_2\mathrm{H}$$ How many stereoisomers are there with this structural formula? A 2 B 4 C 6 D 8

Structural isomerism only should be considered when answering this question. How many straight-chain isomers are there with molecular formula ${\mathrm{C}}_4{\mathrm{H}}_8{\mathrm{C}\mathrm{l}}_2$? A 6 B 7 C 8 D 9

What is true of every nucleophile? A It attacks a double bond. B It donates a lone pair of electrons. C It is a single atom. D It is negatively charged.

The diagram shows a synthetic route to produce 1-methylcyclohexanol. What is reagent Y? A aqueous $\mathrm{N}\mathrm{a}\mathrm{O}\mathrm{H}$ B cold dilute ${\mathrm{K}\mathrm{M}\mathrm{n}\mathrm{O}}_4$ C ethanolic $\mathrm{N}\mathrm{a}\mathrm{O}\mathrm{H}$ D hot concentrated ${\mathrm{K}\mathrm{M}\mathrm{n}\mathrm{O}}_4$

X and Y are the reagents required to convert 1-bromopropane into butanoic acid. What are the correct identities of reagents X and Y?

The table shows three sets of reagents and reaction conditions.

Which sets of reagents and conditions can be used to produce 2-chloro-2-methylpropane as one of the organic products? A 1, 2 and 3 B 1 and 2 only C 1 and 3 only D 2 and 3 only

What are the only structures formed when butan-2-ol is heated with concentrated ${\mathrm{H}}_2{\mathrm{S}\mathrm{O}}_4$? A

B

C

D

The compound 'leaf alcohol' is partly responsible for the smell of new-mown grass. $$\text{leaf alcohol}$$ $${\mathrm{C}\mathrm{H}}_3{\mathrm{C}\mathrm{H}}_2{\mathrm{C}\mathrm{H}=\mathrm{C}\mathrm{H}\mathrm{C}\mathrm{H}}_2{\mathrm{C}\mathrm{H}}_2\mathrm{O}\mathrm{H}$$ What will be formed when 'leaf alcohol' is oxidised using an excess of hot acidified ${\mathrm{K}}_2{\mathrm{C}\mathrm{r}}_2{\mathrm{O}}_7(\mathrm{a}\mathrm{q})$? A ${\mathrm{C}\mathrm{H}}_3{\mathrm{C}\mathrm{H}}_2{\mathrm{C}\mathrm{H}(\mathrm{O}\mathrm{H})\mathrm{C}\mathrm{H}(\mathrm{O}\mathrm{H})\mathrm{C}\mathrm{H}}_2{\mathrm{C}\mathrm{O}}_2\mathrm{H}$ B ${\mathrm{C}\mathrm{H}}_3{\mathrm{C}\mathrm{H}}_2{\mathrm{C}\mathrm{O}\mathrm{C}\mathrm{O}\mathrm{C}\mathrm{H}}_2{\mathrm{C}\mathrm{O}}_2\mathrm{H}$ C ${\mathrm{C}\mathrm{H}}_3{\mathrm{C}\mathrm{H}}_2{\mathrm{C}\mathrm{H}=\mathrm{C}\mathrm{H}\mathrm{C}\mathrm{H}}_2{\mathrm{C}\mathrm{O}}_2\mathrm{H}$ D ${\mathrm{C}\mathrm{H}}_3{\mathrm{C}\mathrm{H}}_2{\mathrm{C}\mathrm{O}}_2\mathrm{H}$ and ${\mathrm{H}\mathrm{O}}_2{\mathrm{C}\mathrm{C}\mathrm{H}}_2{\mathrm{C}\mathrm{O}}_2\mathrm{H}$

Compound X: ● does not react with Tollens' reagent ● forms a yellow precipitate with alkaline ${\mathrm{I}}_2(\mathrm{a}\mathrm{q})$ ● does not react with sodium. What could be the identity of X? A ${\mathrm{C}\mathrm{H}}_3\mathrm{C}\mathrm{H}\mathrm{O}$ B ${\mathrm{C}}_2{\mathrm{H}}_5{\mathrm{C}\mathrm{O}\mathrm{C}\mathrm{H}}_3$ C ${\mathrm{C}\mathrm{H}}_3{\mathrm{C}\mathrm{O}\mathrm{O}\mathrm{C}}_2{\mathrm{H}}_5$ D ${\mathrm{C}\mathrm{H}}_3{\mathrm{C}\mathrm{H}\mathrm{O}\mathrm{H}\mathrm{C}\mathrm{H}}_3$

Which compound can undergo nucleophilic addition? A bromoethane, ${\mathrm{C}}_2{\mathrm{H}}_5\mathrm{B}\mathrm{r}$ B ethanal, ${\mathrm{C}\mathrm{H}}_3\mathrm{C}\mathrm{H}\mathrm{O}$ C ethane, ${\mathrm{C}}_2{\mathrm{H}}_6$ D ethene, ${\mathrm{C}}_2{\mathrm{H}}_4$

${\mathrm{C}}_2{\mathrm{H}}_5{\mathrm{C}\mathrm{O}\mathrm{O}\mathrm{C}\mathrm{H}}_3$ is reacted with aqueous acid. The products from this reaction are reacted with ${\mathrm{L}\mathrm{i}\mathrm{A}\mathrm{l}\mathrm{H}}_4$ to form two molecules Y and Z. What are the identities of molecules Y and Z? A both molecules are ${\mathrm{C}}_2{\mathrm{H}}_5\mathrm{O}\mathrm{H}$ B ${\mathrm{C}\mathrm{H}}_3\mathrm{O}\mathrm{H}$ and ${\mathrm{C}\mathrm{H}}_3{\mathrm{C}\mathrm{H}\mathrm{O}\mathrm{H}\mathrm{C}\mathrm{H}}_3$ C ${\mathrm{C}\mathrm{H}}_3\mathrm{O}\mathrm{H}$ and ${\mathrm{C}}_2{\mathrm{H}}_5\mathrm{O}\mathrm{H}$ D ${\mathrm{C}\mathrm{H}}_3\mathrm{O}\mathrm{H}$ and ${\mathrm{C}}_2{\mathrm{H}}_5{\mathrm{C}\mathrm{H}}_2\mathrm{O}\mathrm{H}$

A sample of propanoic acid of mass $3.70\text{ g}$ reacts with an excess of magnesium. A second sample of propanoic acid of mass $3.70\text{ g}$ reacts with an excess of sodium. Both reactions go to completion forming a gas. Which row is correct?

Which statement about ${\mathrm{H}}_2{\mathrm{C}=\mathrm{C}(\mathrm{C}\mathrm{H}}_3){\mathrm{C}\mathrm{H}}_2{\mathrm{C}\mathrm{O}}_2{\mathrm{C}\mathrm{H}}_3$ is correct? A It can be hydrolysed to a secondary alcohol. B It can be made using ethanoic acid and a suitable alcohol. C It gives a positive test with alkaline ${\mathrm{I}}_2(\mathrm{a}\mathrm{q})$. D When treated with hot concentrated acidified ${\mathrm{K}\mathrm{M}\mathrm{n}\mathrm{O}}_4$ it gives ${\mathrm{C}\mathrm{H}}_3{\mathrm{C}\mathrm{O}\mathrm{C}\mathrm{H}}_2\mathrm{C}\mathrm{O}\mathrm{O}\mathrm{H}$ as one product.

Synthetic resins can be made by polymerisation of a variety of monomers including prop-2-en-1-ol, ${\mathrm{C}\mathrm{H}}_2={\mathrm{C}\mathrm{H}\mathrm{C}\mathrm{H}}_2\mathrm{O}\mathrm{H}$. Which structure represents the repeat unit in the polymer poly(prop-2-en-1-ol)? A $+[{\mathrm{C}\mathrm{H}}_2-{\mathrm{C}\mathrm{H}}_2-{\mathrm{C}\mathrm{H}}_2-\mathrm{O}+]$ B $+[{\mathrm{C}\mathrm{H}}_2-\mathrm{C}\mathrm{H}({\mathrm{C}\mathrm{H}}_2\mathrm{O}\mathrm{H})+]$ C $+[\mathrm{C}\mathrm{H}=\mathrm{C}({\mathrm{C}\mathrm{H}}_2\mathrm{O}\mathrm{H})+]$ D $+[{\mathrm{C}\mathrm{H}}_2-{\mathrm{C}\mathrm{H}}_2-\mathrm{C}\mathrm{H}(\mathrm{O}\mathrm{H})+]$

Vitamin C has the structure shown. The mass spectrum of vitamin C has a molecular ion peak with an $m\mathrm{/}e$ value of 176 and a relative abundance of $7.0\mathrm{\%}$. What is the abundance of the $\mathrm{M}+1$ peak? A $0.462\mathrm{\%}$ B $0.539\mathrm{\%}$ C $0.616\mathrm{\%}$ D $0.693\mathrm{\%}$