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O Level Computer Science 2210 Paper 11, May/June 2024

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2210/11 · May/June 2024

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1

A student has a portable tablet computer.

a

Identify two input devices that could be built into the portable tablet computer. 1 ................................................................................................................................................ 2 ................................................................................................................................................

[2]
b

Identify one output device that could be built into the portable tablet computer.

[1]
c

Identify one type of storage device that could be built into the portable tablet computer.

[1]
2

Hypertext markup language (HTML) colour codes can be represented as hexadecimal.

a

Tick (✓) one box to show which statement about the hexadecimal number system is incorrect. A It uses the values 0 to 9 and A to F. B It can be used as a shorter representation of binary. C It is a base 10 system. D It can be used to represent error codes.

[1]
b

Denary numbers can be converted to hexadecimal. Convert the three denary numbers to hexadecimal. 20 .............................................................................................................................................. 32 .............................................................................................................................................. 165 ............................................................................................................................................ Working space

[3]
3

The binary number 10100011 is stored in random access memory (RAM). A logical left shift of three places is performed on the binary number.

a

Give the 8-bit binary number that will be stored after the shift has taken place.

[1]
b

Tick (✓) one box to show which statement about a logical left shift of two places is correct. A It would divide the binary number by 2. B It would multiply the binary number by 2. C It would divide the binary number by 4. D It would multiply the binary number by 4.

[1]
c

10100011 can be stored as a two’s complement integer. Convert the two’s complement integer 10100011 to denary. Show all your working.

[2]
d

The binary number is measured as a byte because it has 8 bits. State how many bytes there are in a kibibyte (KiB).

[1]
4

Data packets are transmitted across a network from one computer to another computer.

a

Describe the structure of a data packet.

[3]
b

Packet switching is used to transmit the data packets across the network. Identify the device that controls which path is taken by each data packet.

[1]
c

Serial data transmission is used to transmit the data packets across the network. Explain why serial data transmission is used to transmit the data packets.

[3]
5

A computer uses both random access memory (RAM) and secondary storage.

a

State the purpose of secondary storage.

[1]
b

One type of secondary storage is optical. Circle three examples of optical storage. read only memory (ROM) secure digital (SD) card compact disk (CD) hard disk drive (HDD) digital versatile disk (DVD) Blu-ray disk universal serial bus (USB) drive solid-state drive (SSD)

[3]
c

Explain why a computer needs RAM.

[3]
d

The computer processes instructions using the fetch–decode–execute (FDE) cycle. Draw and annotate a diagram to show the process of the fetch stage of the FDE cycle.

[4]
6

A computer needs firmware and system software to operate.

a

State the purpose of firmware.

[1]
b

Give one example of firmware.

[1]
c

Give two examples of system software. 1 ................................................................................................................................................ 2 ................................................................................................................................................

[2]
7

Data is encrypted to keep it safe during transmission. Complete the paragraph about asymmetric encryption. Use the terms from the list. Some of the terms in the list will not be used. You should only use a term once. asymmetric certificate cipher text decrypted encrypted parallel key plain text private key protected public key serial key symmetric .............................................................. is encrypted into .............................................................. using a .............................................................. . The encrypted data is then transmitted from the sender to the receiver. The encrypted data is then decrypted using a .............................................................. .

[4]
8

A farmer uses an automated robot to plant seeds in the field.

a

State what is meant by the robot being automated.

[1]
b

Give three characteristics of a robot. 1 ................................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................................... 2 ................................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................................... 3 ................................................................................................................................................ ...................................................................................................................................................

[3]
c

The robot plants seeds and stops when it reaches a fence. It then turns and continues planting seeds. The robot uses sensors and a microprocessor to know when it reaches a fence. Explain how the robot uses sensors and a microprocessor to know it has reached a fence.

[6]
d

Give two advantages of the farmer using an automated robot to plant seeds. 1 ................................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... 2 ................................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................................... ...................................................................................................................................................

[2]
e

Give two disadvantages of the farmer using an automated robot to plant seeds. 1 ................................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... 2 ................................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................................... ...................................................................................................................................................

[2]
f

The robot is adapted to have machine learning capabilities. Explain how this will improve the robot.

[2]
9

A company owner has installed a new network. Data is correct before it is transmitted across the network. The company owner is concerned that data might have errors after transmission.

a

Explain how the data might have errors after transmission.

[3]
b(i)

The company owner decides to introduce an error detection system to check the data for errors after transmission. The error detection system uses an odd parity check and a positive automatic repeat query (ARQ). Describe how the error detection system operates to check for errors.

[8]
b(ii)

Give two other error detection methods that could be used. 1 ........................................................................................................................................ 2 ........................................................................................................................................

[2]
c(i)

The company owner also installs a firewall to help protect the network from hackers and malware. Explain how the firewall operates to help protect the network.

[5]
c(ii)

Give two examples of malware that the firewall can help protect the network from. 1 ........................................................................................................................................ 2 ........................................................................................................................................

[2]

Mark scheme

2210/11 · May/June 2024

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1a · 2 marks

  • 1 mark

    Touch screen // Microphone // Button // Webcam // (digital) camera // Accelerometer // Biometric device

  • 1 mark

    Touch screen // Microphone // Button // Webcam // (digital) camera // Accelerometer // Biometric device

1b · 1 mark

  • 1 mark

    Screen // Speaker // LED

1c · 1 mark

  • 1 mark

    SSD // Solid-state drive // Solid-state (device)

2a · 1 mark

  • 1 mark

    C

2b · 3 marks

  • 1 mark

    14

  • 1 mark

    20

  • 1 mark

    A5

3a · 1 mark

  • 1 mark

    00011000

3b · 1 mark

  • 1 mark

    D

3c · 2 marks

  • 1 mark

    One mark for correct working (Example: Flip and add)

  • 1 mark

    One mark for correct answer: −93

3d · 1 mark

  • 1 mark

    1024

4a · 3 marks

  • 1 mark

    A packet is split into three different sections

  • 1 mark

    … the header

  • 1 mark

    … the payload // … the trailer

4b · 1 mark

  • 1 mark

    Router

4c · 3 marks

  • 1 mark

    The network may be spread over a long distance … / … so it is more reliable

  • 1 mark

    Bits will be sent/arrive in sequence / …so bits less likely to be skewed

  • 1 mark

    Less crosstalk/interference / … so less likely to have errors / The data may not need to be transmitted at a fast speed // data transmission speed of serial is adequate / The cables in the network only use serial transmission

5a · 1 mark

  • 1 mark

    To store data/files/software permanently

5b · 3 marks

  • 1 mark

    Compact disk (CD)

  • 1 mark

    Digital versatile disk (DVD)

  • 1 mark

    Blu-ray disk

5c · 3 marks

  • 1 mark

    To store data temporarily

  • 1 mark

    To store data currently in use / To store software currently in use

  • 1 mark

    Data can be accessed faster (than secondary storage) / To speed up the fetch stage (of the fetch-execute cycle)

5d · 4 marks

  • 1 mark

    The registers MAR, MDR and PC / Address sent from PC to MAR

  • 1 mark

    …using address bus (award anywhere for correct use of address bus) / …PC is incremented

  • 1 mark

    Address sent from MAR to RAM / Data/instruction sent from RAM to MDR / …using data bus (award anywhere for correct use of data bus)

  • 1 mark

    Data/instruction sent from MDR to CIR/CU / Control unit sending control signal for any part of the process / … using control bus (award anywhere for correct use of control bus)

6a · 1 mark

  • 1 mark

    Permanently store instructions (in ROM) // Stores instructions to boot up/start up the computer // Provides the operating system with a platform to run on // Controls/manages/allows communication with hardware // Store instructions securely (to stop them being easily corrupted)

6b · 1 mark

  • 1 mark

    Bootstrap // Bootloader // BIOS // Operating system (in embedded system) // Programs (in embedded systems)

6c · 2 marks

  • 1 mark

    Operating system

  • 1 mark

    Utility software

7 · 4 marks

  • 1 mark

    plain text

  • 1 mark

    cipher text

  • 1 mark

    public key

  • 1 mark

    private key

8a · 1 mark

  • 1 mark

    The robot can perform actions without human intervention

8b · 3 marks

  • 1 mark

    It has a mechanical structure/framework

  • 1 mark

    It has electrical components

  • 1 mark

    It is programmable // It can move

8c · 6 marks

  • 1 mark

    A proximity sensor is used

  • 1 mark

    The sensor continuously sends digitised data to the microprocessor

  • 1 mark

    The microprocessor compares the data to a stored value/range of values

  • 1 mark

    If the value is within the range/matches the robot continues planting

  • 1 mark

    If the value is above/below/outside the range a signal is sent by the microprocessor to turn/stop the robot / … using an actuator to turn/stop the robot

  • 1 mark

    This process repeats until the robot is turned off

8d · 2 marks

  • 1 mark

    The robot is more accurate when planting seeds // The robot does not need to take breaks // works 24/7 // The robot will not get bored of performing a repetitive task

  • 1 mark

    The farmer can perform other tasks whilst the robot is planting the seeds // The robot may be faster/more efficient (at planting seeds) // Safer as the robot can work in a more dangerous environments (e.g. with animals in a field) // Doesn’t need to pay labour costs/wages

8e · 2 marks

  • 1 mark

    The robot may have been expensive to purchase // The robot may need maintenance and this may be costly // The robot may take away jobs from humans that previously planted the seeds // Farmer/workers may be deskilled

  • 1 mark

    Farmer may need training in how to use the robot // If it breaks the farmer will need to manually plant // If faulty it may cause damage to farm/seeds // Cannot adapt to a new/unexpected event

8f · 2 marks

  • 1 mark

    The robot can now adapt itself by changing its own rules/data/ processes // The robot will become more efficient

  • 1 mark

    … as it has a greater knowledge of its surroundings/environment // … as it can remember where a fence is // … as it can remember the route it needs to take // … as it can remember where any obstacles are to avoid // … as it can remember where to start and stop sowing seeds // … as it may make fewer errors

9a · 3 marks

  • 1 mark

    Data could be lost // Data could be gained/added // Data could be changed

  • 1 mark

    Bits could be reassembled in the wrong order // Interference could occur // Crosstalk could occur

  • 1 mark

    Data collisions could occur // Data packets could time out/reach their hop count // Network could be infected with malware

9b(i) · 8 marks

  • 1 mark

    The 1s are counted (in each byte)

  • 1 mark

    Each byte has a parity bit

  • 1 mark

    If the number of 1s are odd the parity bit is 0 (otherwise it is 1)

  • 1 mark

    (The first packet of) data is sent and a timer is started

  • 1 mark

    The receiving device counts the number of 1s (in each byte)

  • 1 mark

    If the number of 1s are odd/data meets odd parity an acknowledgement is sent to say the data is error free …

  • 1 mark

    … the sender then sends the next packet of data … / … and the timer is restarted

  • 1 mark

    If the number of 1s is even an acknowledgement is not sent / If no acknowledgement is received within a set timeframe/before timeout … / … the data packet is resent

9b(ii) · 2 marks

  • 1 mark

    Echo check // Checksum

  • 1 mark

    Even parity check // Negative ARQ

9c(i) · 5 marks

  • 1 mark

    Criteria can be set (for traffic)

  • 1 mark

    … such as a blacklist/whitelist (of IP addresses)

  • 1 mark

    It will examine traffic coming into the network

  • 1 mark

    It will check that the traffic meets the set criteria / … and will reject it if it does not meet criteria

  • 1 mark

    Certain ports used by hackers can be blocked/closed

9c(ii) · 2 marks

  • 1 mark

    Virus // Worm // Trojan horse

  • 1 mark

    Spyware // Adware // Ransomware

Questions

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  2. 2
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  3. 3
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  4. 4
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  5. 5
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  6. 6
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  7. 7
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  8. 8
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  9. 9
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