IGCSE Physics 0625 Paper 42, Oct/Nov 2023

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0625/42 · Oct/Nov 2023

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A car accelerates uniformly in a straight line from rest at time $t = 0$ . At $t = 3.2 s$ , the speed of the car is $13.0 m/s$ .

a(i)

Calculate the acceleration of the car.

[2]

a(ii)

Explain in words what is meant by the term acceleration.

[1]

b(i)

The car travels at $13.0 m/s$ from $t = 3.2 s$ to $t = 12.0 s$ . Plot the speed–time graph for the car from $t = 0$ to $t = 12.0 s$ .

[2]

b(ii)

Determine the distance travelled by the car between $t = 0$ and $t = 3.2 s$ .

[2]

The car decelerates from $13.0 m/s$ to $0 m/s$ at a constant deceleration. The mass of the car is $1350 kg$ . The car travels $13 m$ in $2.0 s$ as it decelerates. Show that the work done by the car as it decelerates is approximately $1.1 \times 10^{5} J$ .

[4]

On another day, the car in (c) travels a longer distance while it decelerates from $13.0 m/s$ to $0 m/s$ . The deceleration is constant. Suggest and explain what causes the stopping distance to increase. suggestion ................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................................... explanation ............................................................................................................................... ...................................................................................................................................................

[2]

Fig. 2.1 shows an electric tumble dryer used to dry wet clothes.

a(i)

Hot air blows into the drum. The air gains water vapour from the clothes and then leaves the drum. The moist air enters the condenser. Cool air leaves the condenser, passes through the heating element and enters the drum again. State the process by which the hot air removes water from the wet clothes.

[1]

a(ii)

The air is cooled as it passes through the condenser. Describe and explain one other way in which the air leaving the condenser is different from the air entering the condenser. description ......................................................................................................................... explanation ........................................................................................................................ ...........................................................................................................................................

[2]

b(i)

The drum of the tumble dryer rotates, lifting up the wet clothes which then fall down through the hot air. Name the force that causes the clothes to fall down.

[1]

b(ii)

When the drum rotates too fast the clothes remain in contact with the wall of the drum. State the direction of the resultant force on the clothes during the circular motion.

[1]

Suggest why using a clothesline to dry clothes in the open air is better for the environment than using an electric tumble dryer.

[1]

a(i)

A balloon of mass $15 g$ is glued to a straw. The straw is threaded onto a horizontal string, as shown in Fig. 3.1. The balloon is filled with air and then the air is released. As the air leaves the balloon, the balloon experiences a force. The balloon accelerates from rest until it reaches a constant speed. It then travels $0.67 m$ in $0.18 s$ at this constant speed. Explain in words what is meant by the term impulse.

[1]

a(ii)

Calculate the resultant impulse on the balloon while it is accelerating.

[3]

a(iii)

Explain how momentum is conserved as the balloon accelerates.

[2]

Fig. 3.2 shows the directions of two forces acting on a different balloon as it moves. Determine the magnitude and direction of the resultant force on the balloon. magnitude ............................................................... direction relative to horizontal force ...............................................................

[4]

Fig. 4.1 shows a bottle part-filled with water. The air inside the bottle is at the same pressure as the air outside the bottle. The bottle and its contents are at room temperature.

a(i)

The temperature of the bottle and its contents are increased. Explain, in terms of particles, how the air pressure inside the bottle changes as the temperature increases.

[3]

a(ii)

The lid is removed from the bottle. State and explain how the air pressure inside the bottle changes. statement .......................................................................................................................... explanation ........................................................................................................................ ...........................................................................................................................................

[2]

The mass of water in the bottle is $0.18 kg$ . The specific heat capacity of water is $4200 J / (kg^{\circ} C)$ . Calculate the thermal energy needed to increase the temperature of the water by $20^{\circ} C$ .

[2]

Another plastic bottle is filled to the top with water. The height of the bottle is $40.0 cm$ . The density of water is $1.0 \times 10^{3} kg / m^{3}$ . Calculate the pressure difference between the top and bottom of the water.

[2]

Fig. 5.1 shows a road junction, a moving car and a stationary truck. The road has high walls on each side.

The driver of the truck is at position X. The car moves around the corner. On Fig. 5.1, label a point Y on the road where the truck driver first sees the car.

[1]

A plane mirror is placed at the road junction as shown in Fig. 5.2. Show how this mirror allows the driver of the truck to see the car when it is at the position shown in Fig. 5.2.

[2]

The truck driver wears spectacles to correct long-sightedness. Fig. 5.3 shows how a blurred image of an object O forms on the retina. Any effect of the cornea on the rays of light can be ignored. On Fig. 5.4, show how long-sightedness is corrected by: • adding a suitable lens in front of the eye • continuing the path of the three rays of light until they meet to form an image.

[4]

Fig. 6.1 shows the circuit diagram for a flashlight (torch). The electromotive force (e.m.f.) of the battery is $4.5 V$ . The circuit contains a $60 Ω$ fixed resistor. The current in the light-emitting diode (LED) is $0.020 A$ .

Calculate the potential difference (p.d.) across the LED.

[2]

Explain why the LED does not light up if the battery is reversed.

[1]

The chemical energy stored in the battery is $1050 J$ . Show that the flashlight operates for approximately $3 h$ .

[2]

Calculate the total charge that flows through the LED in $3600 s$ .

[2]

Fig. 7.1 shows some uses of electromagnetic radiation and different regions of the electromagnetic spectrum.

Draw a line from each use to the correct region of the spectrum. Each region of the spectrum is used once. One line has been completed for you.

[2]

State the speed of electromagnetic waves in a vacuum.

[1]

c(i)

A Bluetooth headset can be used to listen to music on a mobile (cell) phone without the need for wires to connect the headset to the phone. The headset uses frequencies in the range $2.40 – 2.48 GHz$ . Calculate the wavelength of the radio waves when the frequency is in the middle of the frequency range.

[3]

c(ii)

Suggest why a Bluetooth headset only works well over short distances.

[1]

The isotope uranium-235 is represented by $_{92}^{235} U$ .

State what the numbers 92 and 235 represent in this symbol. 92 is .......................................................................................................................................... 235 is ........................................................................................................................................

[2]

b(i)

Uranium-235 is a fuel used in nuclear reactors. State the process by which energy is released from uranium-235 in a nuclear reactor.

[1]

b(ii)

A nuclide equation for this process is $_{92}^{235} U +_{0}^{1} n \to_{54}^{140} Xe +_{38}^{94} Sr + 2_{0}^{1} n$ Describe the mass and energy changes that take place during this process in a nuclear reactor.

[2]

c(i)

Describe how thermal energy from nuclear reactions is used to generate electricity in a power station.

[3]

c(ii)

State one advantage and one disadvantage of using nuclear fuels in a power station instead of using fossil fuels. advantage ......................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... disadvantage ..................................................................................................................... ...........................................................................................................................................

[2]

Table 9.1 gives information about three planets in the Solar System.

State the name of planet X.

[1]

Describe the relationship shown in Table 9.1 between the mass of a planet and the gravitational field strength at its surface.

[1]

Explain why ‘distance from Sun’ in Table 9.1 is an average value.

[1]

Show that the average orbital speed of the Earth is approximately $30 km / s$ .

[3]

Complete the sentences about the life cycle of stars.

Protostars are formed from ....................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................................................

[1]

A protostar becomes a stable star when ................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... is balanced by ........................................................................................................................... ...................................................................................................................................................

[2]

The initial fuel used to power nuclear reactions in stars is ....................................................

[1]

Stars that are approximately the same size as the Sun become red giant stars which then form a ........................................................................................................................................ with a white dwarf star at its centre.

[1]

Mark scheme

0625/42 · Oct/Nov 2023

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1a(i) · 2 marks

A2
4.1 m / s $^{2}$
C1
(a =) (∆)v / (∆)t OR 13(.0) / 3.2

1a(ii) · 1 mark

B1
(acceleration is) change / increase in velocity per unit time OR rate of change of velocity

1b(i) · 2 marks

B1
straight line joining (0,0) and (3.2,13.0)
B1
horizontal line from 3.2 s to 12.0 s

1b(ii) · 2 marks

A2
21 m
C1
area under speed-time graph (between 0 s and 3.2 s) OR average velocity  time

1c · 4 marks

B1
(W =) F  d
B1
F = ma OR F(∆)t = m∆v
B1
F= (1350  13) ÷ 2 OR 8775 (N) OR (F=) 1350  6.5
B1
W = 8775  13.0 (= 1.1  10 $^{5}$ J) OR 114 075 (J)

1d · 2 marks

B1
any sensible suggestion that increases the stopping distance
B1
explanation (to match suggestion)

2a(i) · 1 mark

B1
evaporation

2a(ii) · 2 marks

B1
air is drier
B1
because water vapour has condensed / turned back to liquid in the condenser

2b(i) · 1 mark

B1
gravitational (force) OR weight

2b(ii) · 1 mark

B1
(force is) perpendicular to the motion (of the clothes)

2c · 1 mark

B1
uses (solar / wind) energy which is renewable OR energy (re)sources not used to generate electricity OR greenhouse gases not produced OR does not use (fossil) fuels

3a(i) · 1 mark

B1
force  time (for which force acts)

3a(ii) · 3 marks

A3
0.056 Ns
C1
v = s / t OR v = 0.67 / 0.18 (m / s)
C1
(impulse =) ∆{mv} OR (impulse =) 0.015  0.67 / 0.18 OR (impulse =) 15  0.67 / 0.18 OR (impulse =) 5.6  10 $^{N}$

3a(iii) · 2 marks

B1
(momentum is conserved as) air released from the balloon moves in the opposite direction to the balloon
B1
momentum of balloon (and straw) is equal in size to momentum of air

3b · 4 marks

A2
resultant force = 0.84 N
C1
correct vector triangle or rectangle drawn OR use of Pythagoras’ theorem e.g. a $^{2}$ + b $^{2}$ = c $^{2}$ OR (force =) $\sqrt{{0.40}^{2} + {0.74}^{2}}$
A2
direction 62° (below the horizontal)
C1
correct resultant force vector with correct arrows on all vectors OR use of trigonometry to find angle e.g. tan $θ$ = 0.74 / 0.40

4a(i) · 3 marks

B3
any three from: - increase in the (average) KE / speed of air particles - more frequent collisions of (air) particles (with bottle) - more forceful collisions of (air) particles (with bottle) - greater force per unit area gives greater pressure - volume unchanged and so pressure increases

4a(ii) · 2 marks

B1
(pressure decreases as) air (particles) escape from the bottle / into the air
B1
until pressure (inside the bottle) is same as (air) pressure outside the bottle OR until pressure (inside the bottle) is same as atmospheric pressure

4b · 2 marks

A2
1.5  10 $^{4}$ J
C1
c = (∆)E / m∆𝜃 (∆E =) mc∆𝜃 OR (∆E =) 0.18  4200  20

4c · 2 marks

A2
3900 Pa
C1
(∆p =) ρg(∆)h OR (∆p =) 1.0  10 $^{3}$  9.8  0.4 OR (∆p =) 1.0  10 $^{3}$  9.8  40 OR (∆p =) 3.9  10 $^{N}$

5a · 1 mark

B1
indication of position of car along a straight line from X above and to left of road at junction.

5b · 2 marks

B1
Incident ray from car to mirror AND reflected ray from mirror towards X
B1
angle of incidence equal to angle of reflection

5c · 4 marks

M1
converging lens (to left of eye)
A1
rays refracted by additional converging lens
B1
rays refracted by lens in eye to give converging rays
B1
focal point of rays / image on retina

6a · 2 marks

A2
(p.d. across LED = 4.5 – 1.2 =) 3.3 V
C1
(V =) IR

6b · 1 mark

B1
LED (is a diode, which) only allows current in one direction / has a very high resistance (when direction of current is reversed.) OR (it) is reverse-biased

6c · 2 marks

B1
E=IVt OR (t =) E / VI OR Q = E / V AND Q = I  t
B1
(t =) 1050  [0.02  4.5  3600] OR (t =) 3.2 h

6d · 2 marks

A2
(charge =) 72 C
C1
I =Q / t OR (Q =) It OR (Q =) 0.02(0)  3600

7a · 2 marks

B2
all correct 2 marks 1 or 2 correct 1 mark

7b · 1 mark

B1
3.0  10 $^{8}$ m / s

7c(i) · 3 marks

A3
0.12 m
C1
(mid-point of frequency range identified as) 2.44 (GHz)
C1
v = f OR ( =) v / f OR ( =) 3.0  10 $^{8}$ / 2.44  10 $^{9}$ OR ( =) 1.2  10 $^{N}$

7c(ii) · 1 mark

B1
(radio waves / signal) lose energy / get weaker / lose (signal) strength (passing through walls) owtte

8a · 2 marks

B1
(92 is) the proton number / number of protons (in the nucleus) / atomic number
B1
(235 is) the nucleon number / number of nucleons (in the nucleus) / mass number

8b(i) · 1 mark

B1
(nuclear) fission

8b(ii) · 2 marks

B1
nucleus converted to (more stable) nuclei with smaller total mass
B1
mass (difference) is released / converted as (kinetic) energy (of products) / thermal energy

8c(i) · 3 marks

B3
any three from: - (thermal energy) used to heat / boil (cold) water OR make steam - steam is at high pressure - steam drives a turbine - turbine (connected to and) drives a generator - turbine moves a coil in a magnetic field

8c(ii) · 2 marks

B1
advantage - any one from: - (much) small(er) amount of fuel needed (to produce same amount of energy) - no greenhouse gases produced OR low carbon dioxide emissions - no air pollution (when operating normally)
B1
disadvantage – any one from - danger if any leak of radiation - produces hazardous / dangerous / toxic waste OR difficulty of storage of used radioactive material OR nuclear waste must be stored for a long time - expensive to build or decommission nuclear power plant or store nuclear waste

9a · 1 mark

B1
Venus

9b · 1 mark

B1
The larger the mass (of the planet), the larger the gravitational field strength (at the surface)

9c · 1 mark

B1
orbit of planets is elliptical / is not circular owtte

9d · 3 marks

B1
correct conversion of $T$ into seconds i.e. 365.2  (24  60  60) OR 3.2  10 $^{7}$
B1
(v =) {2r} / T
B1
2  149.6  10 $^{6}$ / 365.2  24  60  60

10a · 1 mark

B1
(interstellar clouds of) gas and dust OR (stellar) nebula

10b · 2 marks

B1
(inward) force of gravitational attraction (is balanced by)
B1
(outward) force due to the high temperature (in the centre of the star)

10c · 1 mark

B1
hydrogen

10d · 1 mark

B1
planetary nebula

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IGCSE Physics 0625 Paper 42, Oct/Nov 2023

Solve it on ExamPal

Practise

Exam

Question paper

Mark scheme

1a(i) · 2 marks

1a(ii) · 1 mark

1b(i) · 2 marks

1b(ii) · 2 marks

1c · 4 marks

1d · 2 marks

2a(i) · 1 mark

2a(ii) · 2 marks

2b(i) · 1 mark

2b(ii) · 1 mark

2c · 1 mark

3a(i) · 1 mark

3a(ii) · 3 marks

3a(iii) · 2 marks

3b · 4 marks

4a(i) · 3 marks

4a(ii) · 2 marks

4b · 2 marks

4c · 2 marks

5a · 1 mark

5b · 2 marks

5c · 4 marks

6a · 2 marks

6b · 1 mark

6c · 2 marks

6d · 2 marks

7a · 2 marks

7b · 1 mark

7c(i) · 3 marks

7c(ii) · 1 mark

8a · 2 marks

8b(i) · 1 mark

8b(ii) · 2 marks

8c(i) · 3 marks

8c(ii) · 2 marks

9a · 1 mark

9b · 1 mark

9c · 1 mark

9d · 3 marks

10a · 1 mark

10b · 2 marks

10c · 1 mark

10d · 1 mark

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