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O Level Computer Science 2210 Paper 12, May/June 2023

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Question paper

2210/12 · May/June 2023

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1

Output devices are used to output data from a computer. Circle three devices that are output devices. actuator digital versatile disk (DVD) keyboard microphone mouse printer scanner sensor solid-state drive (SSD) speaker

[3]
2

Binary numbers can be converted to hexadecimal.

a

Convert the two binary numbers to hexadecimal. 10010011 .................................................................................................................................. 00001101 .................................................................................................................................. Working space

[4]
b(i)

A value is stored as a binary number in a register. 0 1 1 1 1 0 1 0 A logical right shift of three places is performed on the binary number. Complete the binary register to show its contents after this logical right shift.

[1]
b(ii)

State one effect this logical shift has on the binary number.

[1]
c

Give two reasons why a programmer may use hexadecimal to represent binary numbers. 1 ................................................................................................................................................ 2 ................................................................................................................................................

[2]
d

Denary numbers can also be converted to hexadecimal. Convert the denary number to hexadecimal. 301 ...................................................................................................................................... Working space

[2]
3

When keys are pressed on a keyboard, the text is converted to binary to be processed by the computer.

a

Describe how the text is converted to binary to be processed by the computer.

[3]
b(i)

Text that is input into a computer can be stored in a text file. A text file can be compressed using lossless compression. State what effect this has on the file size.

[1]
b(ii)

Describe how lossless compression compresses the text file.

[4]
b(iii)

Give two reasons why the text file may have been compressed. 1 ........................................................................................................................................ 2 ........................................................................................................................................

[2]
4

A student uses a mobile phone to take photographs for a school project. The student needs to transmit the photographs to their computer. They could use serial data transmission or parallel data transmission to transmit the photographs.

a(i)

Describe how the photographs would be transmitted using serial data transmission.

[2]
a(ii)

Give two benefits of transmitting the photographs using serial data transmission. 1 ........................................................................................................................................ 2 ........................................................................................................................................

[2]
a(iii)

State one benefit of the student using parallel data transmission instead of serial data transmission.

[1]
b(i)

The photographs are also transmitted across a network to cloud storage. A device on the network forwards the data towards its correct destination. State the name of this device.

[1]
b(ii)

Describe what is meant by cloud storage.

[2]
b(iii)

Give one disadvantage of storing the photographs in cloud storage instead of storing them locally.

[1]
5

A programmer writes a computer program using a high-level language.

a

Tick (✓) one box to show which statement is correct about writing computer programs in a high-level language. A Mnemonics are used to create instructions. B The computer program is harder to debug than a low-level language program. C The computer program is machine independent. D The hardware of the computer can be directly manipulated.

[1]
b(i)

The programmer uses a compiler to translate the computer program. Describe how the compiler translates the computer program.

[3]
b(ii)

Describe how the compiler reports errors.

[2]
c

The programmer uses an integrated development environment (IDE) to create the computer program. One function of the IDE is that it has the built-in compiler. Give three other common functions of an IDE. 1 ................................................................................................................................................ 2 ................................................................................................................................................ 3 ................................................................................................................................................

[3]
6
a

Complete the statements about cookies. Use the terms from the list. Some of the terms in the list will not be used. Some terms may be used more than once. compression executable hypertext markup language (HTML) hypertext transfer protocol (HTTP) image internet protocol (IP) address persistent session sound text uniform resource locater (URL) web browser web server Cookies are small ........................................................... files that are sent between a ........................................................... and a ........................................................... . ........................................................... cookies are stored in memory and not in the user’s secondary storage. When the web browser is closed a ........................................................... cookie is lost, whereas a ........................................................... cookie is not lost.

[6]
b

Give three functions of a cookie. 1 ................................................................................................................................................ 2 ................................................................................................................................................ 3 ................................................................................................................................................

[3]
7

A distributed denial of service attack (DDoS) is a cyber security threat.

a

Draw and annotate a diagram to represent the process of a DDoS.

[6]
b

State two aims of carrying out a DDoS attack. 1 ................................................................................................................................................ 2 ................................................................................................................................................

[2]
c

Give two security solutions that can be used to help prevent a DDoS attack being successful. 1 ................................................................................................................................................ 2 ................................................................................................................................................

[2]
8

A computer is connected to a network and assigned an IPv4 address.

a

Tick (✓) one box to show which device would assign the IPv4 address to the computer. A Domain name server (DNS) B Network interface card (NIC) C Router D Web server

[1]
b

Describe the characteristics of an IPv4 address.

[4]
9

One component of an expert system is the inference engine.

a

Identify the three other components in an expert system. 1 ................................................................................................................................................ 2 ................................................................................................................................................ 3 ................................................................................................................................................

[3]
b

Describe the role of the inference engine in an expert system.

[2]
10

A user has both system software and application software installed on their computer.

a

Describe the difference between system software and application software. Give an example of each software in your answer.

[4]
b

State which component in the computer would store both types of software when the power is turned off.

[1]

Mark scheme

2210/12 · May/June 2023

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1 · 3 marks

  • 1 mark

    Actuator

  • 1 mark

    Printer

  • 1 mark

    Speaker

2a · 4 marks

  • 1 mark

    9

  • 1 mark

    3

  • 1 mark

    0

  • 1 mark

    D

2b(i) · 1 mark

  • 1 mark

    00001111

2b(ii) · 1 mark

  • 1 mark

    The value becomes incorrect/inaccurate as the right most bits are lost // It is divided by 8

2c · 2 marks

  • 1 mark

    Easier/quicker to understand/read/write

  • 1 mark

    Easier/quicker to debug

  • 1 mark

    Less likely to make a mistake

  • 1 mark

    Shorter representation // Takes up less screen space

2d · 2 marks

  • 2 marks

    1, 2, D in the correct order (1 mark for two correct characters, 2 marks for three correct characters)

3a · 3 marks

  • 1 mark

    A character set is used

  • 1 mark

    … such as Unicode/ASCII

  • 1 mark

    Each character has a unique binary value

3b(i) · 1 mark

  • 1 mark

    It reduces the file size

3b(ii) · 4 marks

  • 1 mark

    A compression algorithm is used

  • 1 mark

    … such as RLE/run length encoding

  • 1 mark

    Repeating words/characters/phrases are identified // Patterns are identified

  • 1 mark

    … and indexed

  • 1 mark

    … with number of occurrences

  • 1 mark

    … with their position

3b(iii) · 2 marks

  • 1 mark

    To save storage space

  • 1 mark

    To make it quicker to transmit

  • 1 mark

    To make it small enough to attach to an email

  • 1 mark

    To reduce the bandwidth needed to transmit

4a(i) · 2 marks

  • 1 mark

    Data is sent one bit at a time

  • 1 mark

    A single wire is used

4a(ii) · 2 marks

  • 1 mark

    Data won’t be skewed

  • 1 mark

    Less chance of interference/crosstalk/corruption/error

  • 1 mark

    Transmission speed is adequate

4a(iii) · 1 mark

  • 1 mark

    The data may be transmitted quicker

4b(i) · 1 mark

  • 1 mark

    Router

4b(ii) · 2 marks

  • 1 mark

    A collection of servers

  • 1 mark

    … that store data in a remote location // that allows data to be accessed remotely

  • 1 mark

    … that are (normally) accessed using an internet connection

4b(iii) · 1 mark

  • 1 mark

    May be less secure // by example // May lose access to them if internet connection lost/not available // Reliant on a third party maintaining the hardware // by example // Could incur an extra/ongoing fee/cost

5a · 1 mark

  • 1 mark

    C

5b(i) · 3 marks

  • 1 mark

    It translates the (high-level language) to low-level language/object code/machine code

  • 1 mark

    It translates all the code before it is executed

  • 1 mark

    It creates an executable file

5b(ii) · 2 marks

  • 1 mark

    It creates an error report after trying to compile

  • 1 mark

    … displaying all errors in the code

  • 1 mark

    … that require correction before execution can take place

5c · 3 marks

  • 1 mark

    Code editors

  • 1 mark

    Run-time environment

  • 1 mark

    Built-in interpreter

  • 1 mark

    Error diagnostics

  • 1 mark

    Auto-completion

  • 1 mark

    Auto-correction

  • 1 mark

    Prettyprint

6a · 6 marks

  • 1 mark

    Text

  • 1 mark

    Web browser // web server

  • 1 mark

    Web server // web browser

  • 1 mark

    Session

  • 1 mark

    Session

  • 1 mark

    Persistent

6b · 3 marks

  • 1 mark

    Saving personal details

  • 1 mark

    Storing login details

  • 1 mark

    Tracking user preferences

  • 1 mark

    Holding items in an online shopping cart

7a · 6 marks

  • 1 mark

    Malware downloaded to several computers

  • 1 mark

    … turning it into a bot/zombie

  • 1 mark

    … creating a network of bots/zombies

  • 1 mark

    Third party/hacker initiating the attack

  • 1 mark

    Bots send requests to a web server at the same time

  • 1 mark

    The web server fails due to the requests

  • 1 mark

    Legitimate requests cannot reach the web server

7b · 2 marks

  • 1 mark

    Revenge

  • 1 mark

    To affect a company’s reputation

  • 1 mark

    Entertainment value

  • 1 mark

    To demand a ransom to stop it

  • 1 mark

    To test a system’s resilience

7c · 2 marks

  • 1 mark

    Proxy server

  • 1 mark

    Firewall

  • 1 mark

    Users scanning their computers with anti-malware

8a · 1 mark

  • 1 mark

    C

8b · 4 marks

  • 1 mark

    It is denary based

  • 1 mark

    … with numbers between 0 and 255

  • 1 mark

    It is 32 bits

  • 1 mark

    4 sets/groups of numbers

  • 1 mark

    … separated by dots

  • 1 mark

    It is a unique address

  • 1 mark

    It can be static or dynamic

  • 1 mark

    It can be public or private

  • 1 mark

    It contains the network prefix

  • 1 mark

    … and the host number

9a · 3 marks

  • 1 mark

    Rule base

  • 1 mark

    Knowledge base

  • 1 mark

    Interface

9b · 2 marks

  • 1 mark

    It makes decisions

  • 1 mark

    … by applying the rules/logic to the facts/knowledge …

  • 1 mark

    … to provide a result/diagnosis

10a · 4 marks

  • 1 mark

    System software provides services that the computer requires

  • 1 mark

    … whereas application software provides services that the user requires

  • 1 mark

    Utility software // by example e.g. defragmentation software, antivirus, firewall // Operating system

  • 1 mark

    Any suitable example of an application e.g. word processor, web browser, video-editing software

10b · 1 mark

  • 1 mark

    Secondary storage // HDD // SSD

Questions

  1. 1
    Question 13 marks
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  2. 2
    Question 210 marks
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  3. 3
    Question 310 marks
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  4. 4
    Question 49 marks
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  5. 5
    Question 59 marks
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  6. 6
    Question 69 marks
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  7. 7
    Question 710 marks
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  8. 8
    Question 85 marks
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  9. 9
    Question 95 marks
    Mark scheme ›
  10. 10
    Question 105 marks
    Mark scheme ›

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