ExamPal

O Level Pakistan Studies 2059 Paper 22, Oct/Nov 2024

Question paper and mark scheme75 marks5 questions

Solve it on ExamPal

Practise

Untimed. Write on the paper and check as you go.

Start

Exam

Timed, with a clock you set, like sitting the real paper.

Start

Opens full screen.

Papers open in
Download PDFMark scheme
100%

Opening the question paper

Read as textThe questions and the mark scheme as plain text. Easier to read on a phone.

Question paper

2059/22 · Oct/Nov 2024

Download PDF
1
Figure 1 of 1 for question 1
a(i)

Study Fig. 1.1, a map showing the locations of three deserts in southern and western Pakistan. Using Fig. 1.1 only, estimate the distance from east to west across the Kharan desert. Circle the correct answer. 150 km 400 km 650 km

[1]
a(ii)

Using Fig. 1.1 only, identify the desert which is: – north-east of the Kharan desert ................................................ – located along the international border with India. ................................................

[2]
a(iii)

Describe two natural features of a desert landscape in Pakistan. 1 ........................................................................................................................................ ........................................................................................................................................... 2 ........................................................................................................................................ ...........................................................................................................................................

[2]
a(iv)

Give two reasons why it is difficult to live in a desert in Pakistan. 1 ........................................................................................................................................ ........................................................................................................................................... 2 ........................................................................................................................................ ...........................................................................................................................................

[2]
b(i)

Study Figs. 1.2 and 1.3 (Insert), photographs of two different types of forest in Pakistan. Using Figs. 1.2 and 1.3 only, identify two differences between the forests shown. 1 ........................................................................................................................................ ........................................................................................................................................... 2 ........................................................................................................................................ ...........................................................................................................................................

[2]
b(ii)

Explain two physical factors that can affect the distribution of forests in Pakistan. You should develop your answer. 1 ........................................................................................................................................ ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... 2 ........................................................................................................................................ ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ...........................................................................................................................................

[4]
b(iii)

Describe the importance of forests to people living in Pakistan. ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... .....................................................................................................................................

[2]
c(i)

Define ‘deforestation’. ........................................................................................................................................... .....................................................................................................................................

[1]
c(ii)

State three effects of deforestation in Pakistan. 1 ........................................................................................................................................ ........................................................................................................................................... 2 ........................................................................................................................................ ........................................................................................................................................... 3 ........................................................................................................................................ ...........................................................................................................................................

[3]
d

Read the following two methods to improve sustainability of forests in Pakistan: method 1: planting more forest areas using afforestation schemes method 2: protecting existing forest areas using laws and regulations Which method do you think would be more effective? Give reasons to support your answer and refer to examples you have studied. You should consider method 1 and method 2 in your answer.

[6]
2
Figure 1 of 5 for question 2
Figure 2 of 5 for question 2
Figure 3 of 5 for question 2
Figure 4 of 5 for question 2
Figure 5 of 5 for question 2
a(i)

Study Fig. 2.1 (Insert), a map of southern Pakistan. Name the cities labelled X, Y and Z on Fig. 2.1. X ........................................................................... Y .......................................................................... Z ...........................................................................

[3]
a(ii)

Using Fig. 2.1 only, describe the distribution of barrages shown. ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... .....................................................................................................................................

[3]
a(iii)

Give one reason for building a barrage and one different reason for building a dam. barrage .............................................................................................................................. ........................................................................................................................................... dam ................................................................................................................................... ...........................................................................................................................................

[2]
b(i)

Study Fig. 2.2, a bar graph showing the minimum water requirements for selected crops in Pakistan. Complete Fig. 2.2, using the information in the table.

cropminimum water requirement (mm)
wheat410
[1]
b(ii)

Calculate the difference between the minimum water requirements for sugar cane and rice. ..............................mm

[1]
b(iii)

Complete Fig. 2.3 by using arrows to match the type of irrigation with the correct description. An example has been done for you.

[2]
b(iv)

Explain two ways agricultural practices can damage the natural environment. You should develop your answer. 1 ........................................................................................................................................ ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... 2 ........................................................................................................................................ ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ...........................................................................................................................................

[4]
c(i)

What is ‘land reform’? ........................................................................................................................................... .....................................................................................................................................

[1]
c(ii)

Suggest how land reforms could increase agricultural production in Pakistan. ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... .....................................................................................................................................

[2]
d

Read the following two views about initiatives that have been implemented to increase agricultural production in Pakistan: A: Education and training have had the most impact on agricultural production. B: Improved seeds have had the most impact on agricultural production. Which view do you agree with more? Give reasons to support your answer and refer to examples you have studied. You should consider view A and view B in your answer.

[6]
3
Figure 1 of 1 for question 3
a(i)

Study Fig. 3.1 (Insert), a map of average wind speeds in southern and western Pakistan. The locations labelled U, V, W, X, Y, Z on Fig. 3.1 are possible sites for generating wind power. Identify the two possible sites with the least potential for generating wind power. 1 .............................. 2 ..............................

[2]
a(ii)

Using Fig. 3.1 only, describe the distribution of areas with very high wind speeds. ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... .....................................................................................................................................

[3]
a(iii)

Describe two advantages of using wind power to generate electricity in Pakistan. 1 ........................................................................................................................................ ........................................................................................................................................... 2 ........................................................................................................................................ ...........................................................................................................................................

[2]
a(iv)

Study Fig. 3.2, a diagram showing how wind power is used to generate electricity. Complete the labels on Fig. 3.2 in the spaces provided.

[2]
b(i)

Oil is a non-renewable fuel. Name one other non-renewable fuel. ...............................................

[1]
b(ii)

Describe how crude oil is extracted. ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... .....................................................................................................................................

[3]
c(i)

State two methods used to transport oil over land in Pakistan. 1 ............................................... 2 ...............................................

[2]
c(ii)

Explain why it is necessary to import large amounts of oil to Pakistan. You should develop your answer. ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... .....................................................................................................................................

[4]
d

Pakistan’s energy consumption is growing rapidly at around 5% a year. Read the following statement: ‘The use of solar power is better than wave and tidal power to help meet increasing demand for electricity in Pakistan.’ To what extent do you agree with this statement? Give reasons to support your judgement and refer to examples you have studied. You should consider different points of view in your answer.

[6]
4
Figure 1 of 4 for question 4
Figure 2 of 4 for question 4
Figure 3 of 4 for question 4
Figure 4 of 4 for question 4
a(i)

Study Fig. 4.1, a line graph showing information about population change in Pakistan from 1950 to 2020. Using Fig. 4.1 only, identify the: – birth rate in 1950 ......................... per 1000 people – death rate in 2010 ......................... per 1000 people – year with the highest rate of natural increase .....................................

[3]
a(ii)

State how the rate of natural increase is calculated. .....................................................................................................................................

[1]
a(iii)

State two impacts of an increasing percentage of older dependents (people aged 60 and over) in Pakistan’s population structure. 1 ........................................................................................................................................ ........................................................................................................................................... 2 ........................................................................................................................................ ...........................................................................................................................................

[2]
b(i)

Study Fig. 4.2, a bar graph showing the net migration rate for Pakistan between 1981 and 2021. net migration = number of immigrants – number of emigrants Using Fig. 4.2 only, identify: – a year where there were more immigrants than emigrants ......................... – the net migration rate in 2011 ......................... per 1000 people

[2]
b(ii)

Explain two reasons why people may emigrate from Pakistan. You should develop your answer. 1 ........................................................................................................................................ ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... 2 ........................................................................................................................................ ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ...........................................................................................................................................

[4]
c(i)

Circle the province in Pakistan with the highest population density. Balochistan Punjab Sindh

[1]
c(ii)

State two physical and two economic factors which affect population density.

physicaleconomic
11
22
[4]
c(iii)

Choose one physical factor that you identified in (c)(ii) and describe how it affects population density. physical factor ............................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ...........................................................................................................................................

[2]
d

Read the following two views about migration and economic development in Pakistan. A: Migration of people within Pakistan has the most impact on its economic development. B: International migration has the most impact on Pakistan’s economic development. Which view do you agree with more? Give reasons to support your answer and refer to examples you have studied. You should consider view A and view B in your answer.

[6]
5
Figure 1 of 1 for question 5
a(i)

Study Fig. 5.1, a divided bar graph showing the percentage of total employment in different sectors in Pakistan in 2009 and 2019. Content removed due to copyright restrictions.

[2]
a(ii)

Using Fig. 5.1, identify the percentage of the population working in the primary sector in 2019. ..............................%

[1]
a(iii)

Identify two jobs in each sector. In the table, tick (✓) two boxes in each column.

jobprimarysecondarytertiary
call centre worker
carpet weaver
doctor
farmer
miner
steel worker
[3]
a(iv)

Give three reasons for the increase in employment in the secondary sector in Pakistan between 2009 and 2019. 1 ........................................................................................................................................ ........................................................................................................................................... 2 ........................................................................................................................................ ........................................................................................................................................... 3 ........................................................................................................................................ ...........................................................................................................................................

[3]
b(i)

Study Figs. 5.2 and 5.3 (Insert), photographs showing industries in Pakistan. Using Figs. 5.2 and 5.3 only, describe one similarity and one difference between the industries shown. similarity ............................................................................................................................ ........................................................................................................................................... difference ........................................................................................................................... ...........................................................................................................................................

[2]
b(ii)

Define ‘manufactured’. ........................................................................................................................................... .....................................................................................................................................

[1]
b(iii)

State two raw materials used by the surgical instruments industry in Pakistan. 1 .................................................. 2 ..................................................

[2]
b(iv)

Describe one factor that influences the location of the surgical instruments industry. ........................................................................................................................................... .....................................................................................................................................

[1]
c

Suggest two factors that could affect the potential to develop tourism in an area of Pakistan. You should develop your answer. 1 ................................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... 2 ................................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ...................................................................................................................................................

[4]
d

It is estimated that, by 2027, Pakistan could employ around 4.8 million people in the tourism industry. Evaluate the importance of formal and informal employment for the tourism industry in Pakistan. Give reasons to support your judgement and refer to examples you have studied. You should consider different points of view in your answer.

[6]

Mark scheme

2059/22 · Oct/Nov 2024

Download PDF

1a(i) · 1 mark

  • 1 mark

    400 km

1a(ii) · 2 marks

  • 1 mark

    Thal

  • 1 mark

    Thar

1a(iii) · 2 marks

  • 1 mark

    arid/dry/barren

  • 1 mark

    sand(y)/dunes/pattis/tibbas

  • 1 mark

    bare rock/rocky/stony

  • 1 mark

    uneven/rugged/hills/ridges/dissected terrain/badlands/undulating/rolling/flat land/plain land

  • 1 mark

    no/sparse/scattered/scanty vegetation/small amount of vegetation

  • 1 mark

    rakh/scrub woodland/thorny bushes/cacti/vegetation is low to the ground

  • 1 mark

    oasis/dhands

1a(iv) · 2 marks

  • 1 mark

    extreme temperatures/hot/intense heat/cold nights

  • 1 mark

    it is dry/arid/lack of rainfall/lack of water

  • 1 mark

    sandstorms/strong winds/dusty

  • 1 mark

    lack of fertile soil/difficult to grow crops/irrigate land/food is scarce

  • 1 mark

    lack of vegetation for grazing/livestock

  • 1 mark

    remote/far from large settlements/lack of roads/railway

  • 1 mark

    hard to build on uneven land/sand

  • 1 mark

    difficult to access power supply/utilities

  • 1 mark

    few job opportunities/lack of income

1b(i) · 2 marks

  • 1 mark

    types of tree: alpine/coniferous/evergreen vs mangroves

  • 1 mark

    heights/shapes of tree: tall/high/long/thin/ vs short/stunted/rounded/bushy/Fig. 1.2 are taller/Fig. 1.2 are thinner

  • 1 mark

    trunk: thick trunk vs thin trunk

  • 1 mark

    leaves: needles vs leaves

  • 1 mark

    roots: in the soil/underground/on (dry)land vs on wetland/submerged/flooded/in water/sea/river/aerial/ exposed/stilt roots

  • 1 mark

    distribution of trees: spread apart vs clustered/close together/Fig. 1.2 are further apart

1b(ii) · 4 marks

  • 2 marks

    altitude: fewer trees at high altitude as soils are frozen/only alpine/coniferous/evergreen forest grow/more trees grow at lower altitudes as warmer OR above 4000 m; few trees can survive above the snowline/only alpine forest / 1000—4000 m; coniferous/evergreen trees can survive / below 1000 m; deciduous trees are more abundant

  • 2 marks

    precipitation/aridity/amount of rainfall; some trees require large amounts of water (due to high evapotranspiration)/some have waxy leaves/needles to conserve water/have sloping branches to prevent snow accumulation / temperature/hot/cold; rakh/mangrove can survive in hot temperatures/coniferous/evergreen/alpine forests can survive in low temperatures / sun/daylight available; in northern areas less light in winter/some slopes have less sunshine so trees adapt by growing taller/having few low branches / relief; fewer types of forest found on rugged land/some trees have adapted roots to hold firm on sloped ground / soil; alpine/coniferous/evergreen forest can grow in thin soils/fertile soils support wider diversity of forests / access to water(bodies); mangroves are found along the coast/riverain/bela found along rivers/on land that floods

1b(iii) · 2 marks

  • 1 mark

    timber for building materials/furniture/industries

  • 1 mark

    fuelwood/firewood (for fuel/heating/cooking)

  • 1 mark

    provide shade/cooling effect for people

  • 1 mark

    medicinal plants

  • 1 mark

    food/fruits/wild meat/fish

  • 1 mark

    scenic beauty for tourism/leisure/relaxation/to enjoy

  • 1 mark

    absorb CO₂/produce oxygen/cleaner air/reduce air pollution/reduces climate change/global warming

  • 1 mark

    flood prevention/typhoon/tsunami defence

  • 1 mark

    eucalyptus trees reduce waterlogging/salinity

  • 1 mark

    reduce soil erosion/landsliding/siltation in reservoirs/dams

  • 1 mark

    provide jobs/income

1c(i) · 1 mark

  • 1 mark

    (large scale) removal/cutting/clearance of forest/trees

1c(ii) · 3 marks

  • 1 mark

    loss of forest products/food/named example

  • 1 mark

    loss of shade increases temperatures

  • 1 mark

    loss of scenic beauty/less attractive landscape

  • 1 mark

    loss of habitat/species/ecosystems/food chains

  • 1 mark

    increased CO₂/reduced oxygen/increased air pollution/causes climate change/global warming/decreased rainfall

  • 1 mark

    increased flooding/flood risk

  • 1 mark

    causes/increases soil erosion/decreases soil fertility

  • 1 mark

    causes/increases siltation in reservoirs/dams

  • 1 mark

    higher risk of/more landslides/avalanches

  • 1 mark

    higher risk of/more coastal damage from typhoons/tsunamis

1d · 6 marks

  • 6 marks

    Levels marking: Level 1 (1–2), Level 2 (3–4), Level 3 (5–6)

2a(i) · 3 marks

  • 1 mark

    X = Quetta

  • 1 mark

    Y = Hyderabad

  • 1 mark

    Z = Karachi

2a(ii) · 3 marks

  • 1 mark

    uneven/scattered

  • 1 mark

    follow/along/in rivers/Indus/Sutlej/Ravi/tributaries

  • 1 mark

    most/many are/cluster in Punjab/in the NE

  • 1 mark

    (only) found in Sindh and Punjab

  • 1 mark

    more in Punjab than in Sindh/7 are in Punjab and 3 are in Sindh

  • 1 mark

    more in East than West/closer to Indian boundary (than Iran/Afghanistan boundary)

  • 1 mark

    4/5/cluster/group/several near/around/100–150 km from Multan

  • 1 mark

    found between 25 °/26 °– 30 °/31 °/32 °N or between 68 °/69 °–74 °/75 °E

2a(iii) · 2 marks

  • 1 mark

    barrage: the land is low/flat/plain / to control the flow of water/regulate river levels / to create a reliable/constant water supply / flood control/prevention / to divert water into areas of need/to farmland/into canals/for irrigation

  • 1 mark

    dam: the land/valley is steep/narrow / to generate (hydro)electricity/HEP/hydel power / flood prevention/reducing flood damage/hold back rivers/meltwaters / to create reservoirs/to store water/to create a water supply (for irrigation/drinking)

2b(i) · 1 mark

  • 1 mark

    correctly plotted bar at 410mm wheat

2b(ii) · 1 mark

  • 1 mark

    570 (mm)

2b(iii) · 2 marks

  • 2 marks

    karez = a method that directs groundwater via underground tunnels; perennial canal = a channel linked to dams or barrages that supplies water throughout the year; Persian wheel = a draught-powered system that raises water from a well; tubewell = a pump that brings water from a well to the surface

2b(iv) · 4 marks

  • 2 marks

    using pesticides/herbicides/insecticides; can seep into the water supply, contaminate drinking water/cause water pollution / using fertilisers; seep into rivers polluting water/(creates algae) causing eutrophication/killing aquatic life / over-irrigation/seepage from unlined canals; causes waterlogging/causes salinity and the soil to be unusable / deforestation/farmers clear trees; for grazing land can lead to soil erosion/causes reduction in biodiversity/increasing CO₂ in the atmosphere

  • 2 marks

    overgrazing; hooves and grazing of all vegetation causes soil erosion/desertification occurs / use of high-yield varieties (HYVs) /over cultivation/planting same crop every year; exhaust the soil quickly/reduce soil fertility/reduce soil quality as nutrients are depleted by crops / tractors/combine harvesters/farm machinery; cause air pollution/run on fossil fuels/compact the soil/damage soil structure / livestock farming releases methane; contributes to global warming

2c(i) · 1 mark

  • 1 mark

    law stating the amount of land a person can own/hold / law/policy/rules reallocating land/changing of ownership of land/changing the amount of land a person can hold / land consolidation into larger plots/small plots into larger plots/land divided into smaller plots / fairer distribution of land / protection of tenants from eviction/landowner rights

2c(ii) · 2 marks

  • 1 mark

    if you own the land more likely to farm it/invest in it/improve it

  • 1 mark

    previously wasted land is farmed/more total area farmed

  • 1 mark

    larger areas of land are easier to use machinery/named example of machinery/larger areas can be more efficiently farmed/can be used to test out new techniques

  • 1 mark

    economies of scale created

  • 1 mark

    cooperatives/groups/farmers can share costs of machinery/seeds/fertilisers/irrigation methods

  • 1 mark

    easier to get loans for large farms to buy equipment

  • 1 mark

    more people/(subsistence) farmers/poor/previously landless people will be able to produce food

  • 1 mark

    possible increased diversification/variety of crops (if more individual landowners)

2d · 6 marks

  • 6 marks

    Levels marking: Level 1 (1–2), Level 2 (3–4), Level 3 (5–6)

3a(i) · 2 marks

  • 1 mark

    V

  • 1 mark

    Z

3a(ii) · 3 marks

  • 1 mark

    widespread/uneven/scattered/clustered

  • 1 mark

    close to coast/Arabian Sea/along the coast

  • 1 mark

    mainly in SE/S/SW/W

  • 1 mark

    cluster/small area in NE/N

  • 1 mark

    small areas/clusters/linear pattern in central area

  • 1 mark

    close to/along Afghanistan/India/Iran border/international boundary

  • 1 mark

    (mainly) found between 23 °/24 °–31 °/32 °N

  • 1 mark

    (mainly) found between 62 °/63 °–70 °/71 °/72 °E

3a(iii) · 2 marks

  • 1 mark

    it is renewable/will not run out/infinite

  • 1 mark

    does not produce CO₂/harmful gases/air pollution/ environmentally friendly/ecofriendly/green energy

  • 1 mark

    Pakistan has many/large areas suitable for wind power/many windy days

  • 1 mark

    low running costs (after initial investment/set up)

  • 1 mark

    do not need to be connected to a national grid

  • 1 mark

    can help remote/rural locations (generate their own power)

  • 1 mark

    creates jobs to manufacture/sell/install/maintain turbines

  • 1 mark

    reduces reliance on fossil fuels/non-renewables

3a(iv) · 2 marks

  • 2 marks

    top arrow: blade(s)/rotor blades; middle arrow: turbine/generator/gear box; bottom arrow: pylon(s)/(electricity) tower(s)/transmission/cables/power lines/national/electricity/power grid

3b(i) · 1 mark

  • 1 mark

    coal/anthracite/bituminous/coke/lignite/peat / (natural) gas/liquid natural gas (LNG)/liquid petroleum gas (LPG)/butane/ethane/methane/propane / uranium

3b(ii) · 3 marks

  • 1 mark

    a survey is done/oil(field) is located/found

  • 1 mark

    feasibility studies are done

  • 1 mark

    derrick/oil rig is built/used

  • 1 mark

    drill is used/oil is drilled for/a well/shaft/bore/hole is drilled/sunk

  • 1 mark

    pipes are installed/used

  • 1 mark

    oil is pumped out/valves used to pump out the oil

  • 1 mark

    water is used/pumped down (to force out (remaining) oil)

3c(i) · 2 marks

  • 1 mark

    pipeline

  • 1 mark

    road tanker/truck/lorry / rail tanker/truck/wagon

3c(ii) · 4 marks

  • 2 marks

    demand for oil/many uses of oil; due to rising/large population/increasing economic development/to fuel vehicles on the road/industry/machinery runs on oil / limited oil/reserves not suitable/depleting reserves; most accessible sources of oil have already been used up / difficulties with remaining oil reserves/low quality of oil; makes exploration/drilling too expensive/impractical/not profitable/more time consuming/importing is faster than extraction / limited supply of skilled oil workers/labour; investment needed in education/foreign workers require higher wages

  • 2 marks

    limited specialist equipment to drill/refine oil; importing machinery is expensive/getting equipment to inaccessible sites is impossible / low capacity of refineries to process oil/types of oil needed are not produced; amount does not meet demand/need to import refined products or example of / domestic finance not always available for further oil extraction/refining; it is cheaper to import / foreign investment in Pakistan is unreliable; so potential reserves are not fully exploited

3d · 6 marks

  • 6 marks

    Levels marking: Level 1 (1–2), Level 2 (3–4), Level 3 (5–6)

4a(i) · 3 marks

  • 1 mark

    birth rate = 41 (per 1000 people)

  • 1 mark

    death rate = 7.5 (per 1000 people)

  • 1 mark

    1988

4a(ii) · 1 mark

  • 1 mark

    birth rate/BR – death rate/DR (= natural increase) / (natural increase) is the difference between the birth rate/BR and the death rate/DR

4a(iii) · 2 marks

  • 1 mark

    older/experienced people to guide younger population / older people can help care for children/provide childcare so parents can work / increased pressure/burden on working age/young people (to support elders/to earn more)/greater costs/time taken to individuals/families for looking after older dependents / increased cost to state of pensions/need to increase taxes

  • 1 mark

    pressure/burden on healthcare services/more hospitals/medical staff/carers needed / pressure on housing/higher demand for housing/more care homes / pressure on food resources/higher demand for food/water / retirement age increases/older people stay in work longer

4b(i) · 2 marks

  • 1 mark

    1981

  • 1 mark

    –30.8 (minus 0.8)

4b(ii) · 4 marks

  • 2 marks

    for employment/to find work; to earn higher wages/possibility of sending remittances to family / for study/education; gain qualifications/improve job prospects/attend (well-known/named) school/university/for specific course / to join others/friends/family who have previously migrated; attracted to areas with an established Pakistani community

  • 2 marks

    in search of different life opportunities/standard of living/quality of life; to provide access high quality services e.g. hospitals / due to natural disasters/flooding/drought/desertification/land reform; to find safety/land to farm/a reliable food or water supply / forced migration; deportation of international migrants who overstay visa

4c(i) · 1 mark

  • 1 mark

    Punjab

4c(ii) · 4 marks

  • 1 mark

    physical factor 1: topography/relief/slope / climate/temperature/rainfall / natural hazards or an example of / mineral/forest resources or an example of / soil/land / rivers/coast/sea / water supply

  • 1 mark

    physical factor 2: topography/relief/slope / climate/temperature/rainfall / natural hazards or an example of / mineral/forest resources or an example of / soil/land / rivers/coast/sea / water supply

  • 1 mark

    economic factor 1: energy/power supply / housing / transport or an example of / communications or an example of / jobs/employment/wages/income/industries or an example of / education or an example of / healthcare or an example of

  • 1 mark

    economic factor 2: energy/power supply / housing / transport or an example of / communications or an example of / jobs/employment/wages/income/industries or an example of / education or an example of / healthcare or an example of

4c(iii) · 2 marks

  • 1 mark

    identification of density (high/low population density)

  • 1 mark

    description/reason for density (e.g. land is easier to build on / restricted to working indoors / water for drinking is sparse / industries provide jobs / food supply can be grown / industries locate near water/essential for domestic use)

4d · 6 marks

  • 6 marks

    Levels marking: Level 1 (1–2), Level 2 (3–4), Level 3 (5–6)

5a(i) · 2 marks

  • 1 mark

    accurate completion of secondary sector dividing line at 64%

  • 1 mark

    accurate completion of shading for secondary sector (shaded/solid colour) / accurate completion of shading for tertiary sector (diagonal lines in the correct direction)

5a(ii) · 1 mark

  • 1 mark

    37

5a(iii) · 3 marks

  • 3 marks

    primary = farmer, doctor; secondary = carpet weaver, steel worker; tertiary = call centre worker, doctor

5a(iv) · 3 marks

  • 1 mark

    (new) industries/factories/manufacturing areas built/ establishment of industrial estates/zones/more industrialisation/industrial growth

  • 1 mark

    mechanisation of agriculture/primary industry/job losses in primary

  • 1 mark

    pay is higher than in primary/pay has increased/better working conditions / higher amount/more of skilled/educated labour available / higher/more revenue from manufactured products /demand for manufactured products / government policies to support industries/for increasing domestic manufacturing/for import reduction/offering loans for setting up industries / foreign investment/TNCs have set up / improved/more/new road/rail networks for workers to reach jobs/for materials to reach industries/markets / improvement in power/electricity supply for industries / international trade links make exporting manufactured goods attractive

5b(i) · 2 marks

  • 1 mark

    Similarity: both are by-hand/manual/hand tools/no machinery used / both secondary sector/manufacturing / both are cottage industries/in people’s homes / both using traditional skills/handicraft/craft industries / both are small-scale / both labour intensive/takes a long time to make each product / both products left out to dry/stacked up

  • 1 mark

    Difference: different products being produced/ tiles vs. baskets / using different raw materials/ceramics/pottery/clay vs. willow/straw / different tools/techniques used/painting vs. basket making/weaving / indoor vs. outdoor / individual worker/male vs. group/family/2/3/4 workers/both genders / different sized work areas/tiles more compact/baskets are more spread out

5b(ii) · 1 mark

  • 1 mark

    making of products using raw materials/finished goods/final product/a processed product/goods/made in a factory/workshop/with machinery/with tools/by hand

5b(iii) · 2 marks

  • 1 mark

    steel/stainless steel/metal(s)

  • 1 mark

    titanium/nickel/aluminium/platinum/tantalum/palladium/tungsten / chemicals / water / ceramics / plastic/cardboard/packaging / rubber/latex

5b(iv) · 1 mark

  • 1 mark

    flat/large land/site (to easily build factory on) / supply of raw materials/steel / close to/access to market / close to/access transport system/roads/railway / close to/access airports / close to/access dry ports/seaports / close to/access to skilled labour / reliable power/energy supply / in area/zone with policies/incentives

5c · 4 marks

  • 2 marks

    temperature; tourists will be deterred by extreme hot/cold areas/will be attracted to areas that are more temperate / heavy rainfall/snow; flooding/avalanches can destroy hotels/roads/pylons/tourists may be attracted for skiing / topography/steep/rugged/flat land; influences building of roads for access/construction of hotels/resorts / areas of scenic beauty/unspoilt locations; tourists will be attracted to take photographs/to relax / water/air/land pollution/deforestation; can ruin the natural beauty of an area so tourists do not want to visit / heritage/cultural attractions; visit historic/religious buildings to learn

  • 2 marks

    airports/roads/railways/(public) transport system; for tourists to get there comfortably/safely/quickly/for better accessibility / hotels/resorts; need accommodation options/tourists expect high standard/accommodation with good food/clean water/internet, etc. / power/electricity; for air conditioning/heating for comfort / availability of workforce; to do jobs in hotels/tour guides/security, etc. / investment; government grants/policies/foreign companies/tour operators developing/advertising regions/areas / seasons/seasonal work; tourists not attracted in some parts of the year/visitors only come in a particular season limiting income for businesses

5d · 6 marks

  • 6 marks

    Levels marking: Level 1 (1–2), Level 2 (3–4), Level 3 (5–6)

Questions

  1. 1
    Question 125 marks
    Mark scheme ›
  2. 2
    Question 225 marks
    Mark scheme ›
  3. 3
    Question 325 marks
    Mark scheme ›
  4. 4
    Question 425 marks
    Mark scheme ›
  5. 5
    Question 525 marks
    Mark scheme ›

More 2059 papers

Other papers from Oct/Nov 2024

Solve it on ExamPalStart