2059/21 · Oct/Nov 2024
Download PDF
Study Fig. 1.1, a map showing the locations of three deserts in southern and western Pakistan. Using Fig. 1.1 only, estimate the distance from east to west across the Kharan desert. Circle the correct answer. 150 km 400 km 650 km
Using Fig. 1.1 only, identify the desert which is: – north-east of the Kharan desert ................................................ – located along the international border with India. ................................................
Describe two natural features of a desert landscape in Pakistan. 1 ........................................................................................................................................ ........................................................................................................................................... 2 ........................................................................................................................................ ...........................................................................................................................................
Give two reasons why it is difficult to live in a desert in Pakistan. 1 ........................................................................................................................................ ........................................................................................................................................... 2 ........................................................................................................................................ ...........................................................................................................................................
Study Figs. 1.2 and 1.3 (Insert), photographs of two different types of forest in Pakistan. Using Figs. 1.2 and 1.3 only, identify two differences between the forests shown. 1 ........................................................................................................................................ ........................................................................................................................................... 2 ........................................................................................................................................ ...........................................................................................................................................
Explain two physical factors that can affect the distribution of forests in Pakistan. You should develop your answer. 1 ........................................................................................................................................ ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... 2 ........................................................................................................................................ ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ...........................................................................................................................................
Describe the importance of forests to people living in Pakistan.
Define ‘deforestation’.
State three effects of deforestation in Pakistan. 1 ........................................................................................................................................ ........................................................................................................................................... 2 ........................................................................................................................................ ........................................................................................................................................... 3 ........................................................................................................................................ ...........................................................................................................................................
Read the following two methods to improve sustainability of forests in Pakistan: method 1: planting more forest areas using afforestation schemes method 2: protecting existing forest areas using laws and regulations Which method do you think would be more effective? Give reasons to support your answer and refer to examples you have studied. You should consider method 1 and method 2 in your answer.
Study Fig. 2.1 (Insert), a map of southern Pakistan. Name the cities labelled X, Y and Z on Fig. 2.1. X ........................................................................... Y .......................................................................... Z ...........................................................................
Using Fig. 2.1 only, describe the distribution of barrages shown.
Give one reason for building a barrage and one different reason for building a dam. barrage .............................................................................................................................. ........................................................................................................................................... dam ................................................................................................................................... ...........................................................................................................................................
Study Fig. 2.2, a bar graph showing the minimum water requirements for selected crops in Pakistan. Complete Fig. 2.2, using the information in the table. crop: wheat minimum water requirement (mm): 410
Calculate the difference between the minimum water requirements for sugar cane and rice.
Complete Fig. 2.3 by using arrows to match the type of irrigation with the correct description. An example has been done for you.
Explain two ways agricultural practices can damage the natural environment. You should develop your answer. 1 ........................................................................................................................................ ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... 2 ........................................................................................................................................ ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ...........................................................................................................................................
What is ‘land reform’?
Suggest how land reforms could increase agricultural production in Pakistan.
Read the following two views about initiatives that have been implemented to increase agricultural production in Pakistan: A: Education and training have had the most impact on agricultural production. B: Improved seeds have had the most impact on agricultural production. Which view do you agree with more? Give reasons to support your answer and refer to examples you have studied. You should consider view A and view B in your answer.
Study Fig. 3.1 (Insert), a map of average wind speeds in southern and western Pakistan. The locations labelled U, V, W, X, Y, Z on Fig. 3.1 are possible sites for generating wind power. Identify the two possible sites with the least potential for generating wind power. 1 .............................. 2 ..............................
Using Fig. 3.1 only, describe the distribution of areas with very high wind speeds.
Describe two advantages of using wind power to generate electricity in Pakistan. 1 ........................................................................................................................................ ........................................................................................................................................... 2 ........................................................................................................................................ ...........................................................................................................................................
Study Fig. 3.2, a diagram showing how wind power is used to generate electricity. Complete the labels on Fig. 3.2 in the spaces provided.
Oil is a non-renewable fuel. Name one other non-renewable fuel.
Describe how crude oil is extracted.
State two methods used to transport oil over land in Pakistan. 1 ............................................... 2 ...............................................
Explain why it is necessary to import large amounts of oil to Pakistan. You should develop your answer.
Pakistan’s energy consumption is growing rapidly at around 5% a year. Read the following statement: ‘The use of solar power is better than wave and tidal power to help meet increasing demand for electricity in Pakistan.’ To what extent do you agree with this statement? Give reasons to support your judgement and refer to examples you have studied. You should consider different points of view in your answer.
Study Fig. 4.1, a line graph showing information about population change in Pakistan from 1950 to 2020. Using Fig. 4.1 only, identify the: – birth rate in 1950 ......................... per 1000 people – death rate in 2010 ......................... per 1000 people – year with the highest rate of natural increase .....................................
State how the rate of natural increase is calculated.
State two impacts of an increasing percentage of older dependents (people aged 60 and over) in Pakistan’s population structure. 1 ........................................................................................................................................ ........................................................................................................................................... 2 ........................................................................................................................................ ...........................................................................................................................................
Study Fig. 4.2, a bar graph showing the net migration rate for Pakistan between 1981 and 2021. net migration = number of immigrants – number of emigrants Using Fig. 4.2 only, identify: – a year where there were more immigrants than emigrants ......................... – the net migration rate in 2011 ......................... per 1000 people
Explain two reasons why people may emigrate from Pakistan. You should develop your answer. 1 ........................................................................................................................................ ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... 2 ........................................................................................................................................ ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ...........................................................................................................................................
Circle the province in Pakistan with the highest population density. Balochistan Punjab Sindh
State two physical and two economic factors which affect population density.
Choose one physical factor that you identified in (c)(ii) and describe how it affects population density. physical factor ............................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ...........................................................................................................................................
Read the following two views about migration and economic development in Pakistan. A: Migration of people within Pakistan has the most impact on its economic development. B: International migration has the most impact on Pakistan’s economic development. Which view do you agree with more? Give reasons to support your answer and refer to examples you have studied. You should consider view A and view B in your answer.
Study Fig. 5.1, a divided bar graph showing the percentage of total employment in different sectors in Pakistan in 2009 and 2019.
Using Fig. 5.1, identify the percentage of the population working in the primary sector in 2019. ..............................%
Identify two jobs in each sector. In the table, tick (✓) two boxes in each column.
Give three reasons for the increase in employment in the secondary sector in Pakistan between 2009 and 2019. 1 ........................................................................................................................................ ........................................................................................................................................... 2 ........................................................................................................................................ ........................................................................................................................................... 3 ........................................................................................................................................ ...........................................................................................................................................
Study Figs. 5.2 and 5.3 (Insert), photographs showing industries in Pakistan. Using Figs. 5.2 and 5.3 only, describe one similarity and one difference between the industries shown. similarity ............................................................................................................................ ........................................................................................................................................... difference ........................................................................................................................... ...........................................................................................................................................
Define ‘manufactured’.
State two raw materials used by the surgical instruments industry in Pakistan. 1 .................................................. 2 ..................................................
Describe one factor that influences the location of the surgical instruments industry.
Suggest two factors that could affect the potential to develop tourism in an area of Pakistan. You should develop your answer. 1 ................................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... 2 ................................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ...................................................................................................................................................
It is estimated that, by 2027, Pakistan could employ around 4.8 million people in the tourism industry. Evaluate the importance of formal and informal employment for the tourism industry in Pakistan. Give reasons to support your judgement and refer to examples you have studied. You should consider different points of view in your answer.